Association of learning and living style with dyslexia in school-aged children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between the learning and living style with developmental dyslexia in school-aged children.@*Methods@#Using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 11 668 schoolaged children (grade 2 to 6) in the cities of Wuhan, Hangzhou and Jining were selected to participate in this programme from April 2017 to April 2018. The investigation tools combined the questionnaire on associated factors for reading ability, Dyslexia Checklist for Chinese Children and Pupil Rating Scale Revised Screening for Learning.@*Results@#Pupils with more than 20 minutes of exercise each day (OR=0.43-0.64) and at least 1-2 times per week (OR=0.34-0.48) had a lower risk of dyslexia. The association was observed between going to the library more than 1-2 times per semester (OR=0.41-0.62) and the decrease risk of dyslexia. Lacking active learning (OR=7.76, 95%CI=4.71-12.78), scheduled reading time (OR=2.55, 95%CI=2.01-3.23) and extracurricular training classes (OR=1.62, 95%CI=1.27-2.07) were positively associated with dyslexia. There was no significant difference in screen time duration between dyslexic and non-dyslexic children. Using electronic devices for learning was associated with decreased risk of dyslexia (OR=0.47, 95%CI=0.33-0.67), while playing video games was correlated with increased risk of dyslexia (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.16-2.41).@*Conclusion@#Physical exercise, good study habits and using the electronic products in a proper way could reduce the risk of dyslexia to a certain extent. Parents and teachers should guide the school-aged children to develop a good learning and living style.

Spectrometric analyses of larotaxel and larotaxel liposomes quantification by high performance liquid chromatography / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Larotaxel is a new chemical structure drug, which has not been marketed worldwide. Accordingly, the standard identification and quantification methods for larotaxel remain unclear. The spectrometric analyses were performed for verifying weight molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel. Besides, a quantification method was developed for measuring larotaxel in the liposomes.@*METHODS@#The molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel were studied by using mass spectrometry (MS), infra-red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometric techniques. The absorption wavelength of larotaxel was investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry full-wavelength scanning. Besides, a quantification method was developed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then validated by measuring the encapsulation efficacy of larotaxel liposomes.@*RESULTS@#The four spectral characteristics of larotaxel were revealed and the corresponding standard spectra were defined. It was confirmed that larotaxel had the structure of tricyclic diterpenoids, with the molecular formula of C45H53NO14, the molecular weight of 831.900 1, and the maximum absorption wavelength of 230 nm. The quantitative method of larotaxel was established by using HPLC with a reversed phase C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm), a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (75:25, volume/volume), and a detection wavelength of 230 nm. The validation study exhibited that the established HPLC method was stable, and had a high recovery and precision in the quantitative measurement of larotaxel in liposomes. In addition, a new kind of larotaxel liposomes was also successfully prepared. The particle size of the liposomes was about 105 nm, with an even size distribution. And the encapsulation efficiency of larotaxel in the liposomes was above 80%.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study offers reference standard spectra of larotaxel, including MS, IR, NMR, and UV-vis, and confirms the molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel. Besides, the study develops a rapid HPLC method for quality control of larotaxel liposomes.

Efficacy comparison with low and high dose nadroparin for patients with acute coronary syndrome underwent percutaneous coronary intervention / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and optimal prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) nadroparin dose in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 236 ACS patients were randomly treated with subcutaneously nadroparin 0.075 ml/10 kg (group I, n = 120) and 0.1 ml/10 kg (group II, n = 116) respectively (bid for 48 hours). PCI was the performed 1 h after final nadroparin injection. No additional nadroparin was applied during PCI. Plasmic anti-Xa level was assayed before and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours after final nadroparin administration. Adverse clinical events (death, myocardial infarction, need for revascularization) and bleeding events were recorded up to 30 days post PCI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Baseline clinical characteristics as well as the MACE and severe bleeding events between the two groups were similar (all P > 0.05). Plasmic anti-Xa level of group II was significantly higher than that of group I post nadroparin application (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anticoagulation effects and MACE as well as severe bleeding events up to 30 days post PCI were similar with either 0.075 ml/10 kg or 0.1 ml/10 kg nadroparin dose in ACS patients.</p>